See mule in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "mule"
},
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "mule"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*musklos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/musklos"
],
[
"mūlus",
"mulus#Latin"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-ā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ā#Proto-Italic:_nominal"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Latin:_feminine"
],
[
"mūla",
"mula#Latin:_mule"
],
[
"mūla",
"mula#Latin:_mule"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:mūla<id:mule>",
"text": "*",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nsubstratebor.?\nProto-Italic *musklos?\nLatin mūlus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -a\nLatin mūla\nOld French mule\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"substrate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qfa-sub\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*musklos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"mūlus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"feminine\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"mūla\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"mule\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"mule\">\nInherited from Latin mūla.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nsubstratebor.?\nProto-Italic *musklos?\nLatin mūlus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -a\nLatin mūla\nOld French mule\nInherited from Latin mūla.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mule oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "mules",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mule",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mules",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "muile",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "mulle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "mule oblique singular, f (oblique plural mules, nominative singular mule, nominative plural mules)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 18 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"she-mule"
],
"id": "en-mule-fro-noun-3IwLuNzL",
"links": [
[
"mule",
"mule#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "mule"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "mule"
},
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "mule"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*musklos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/musklos"
],
[
"mūlus",
"mulus#Latin"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-ā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ā#Proto-Italic:_nominal"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Latin:_feminine"
],
[
"mūla",
"mula#Latin:_mule"
],
[
"mūla",
"mula#Latin:_mule"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:mūla<id:mule>",
"text": "*",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nsubstratebor.?\nProto-Italic *musklos?\nLatin mūlus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -a\nLatin mūla\nOld French mule\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"substrate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qfa-sub\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*musklos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"mūlus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"feminine\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"mūla\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"mule\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"mule\">\nInherited from Latin mūla.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nsubstratebor.?\nProto-Italic *musklos?\nLatin mūlus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -a\nLatin mūla\nOld French mule\nInherited from Latin mūla.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mule oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "mules",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mule",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mules",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "muile",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "mulle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "mule oblique singular, f (oblique plural mules, nominative singular mule, nominative plural mules)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with etymology texts",
"Old French entries with etymology trees",
"Old French entries with etymon",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms derived from substrate languages",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"glosses": [
"she-mule"
],
"links": [
[
"mule",
"mule#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "mule"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mule meaning in Old French (4.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'mule oblique singular or', originally 'mule oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"mule"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mule",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'mule oblique singular or', originally 'mule oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"mule"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mule",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'mule oblique singular or' in 'mule oblique singular, f (oblique plural mules, nominative singular mule, nominative plural mules)'",
"path": [
"mule"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mule",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.